June 21, 2006
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Vol. 4, No. 10
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Haditha is no
anomaly
By Claire Schaeffer-Duffy, NCR contributor
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For this Writers Desk, I had planned to write about the
tender art of black and white photography, its capacity to unveil the holiness
of a person, its ability to reveal how light delineates form.
But musings on the aesthetic value of the camera elude me right now
because my mind is fixated on some grainy, color snapshots from the Iraqi town
of Haditha. The photos, published in the June 12 issue of Time magazine,
are stills from a videotape made by an aspiring Iraqi journalist, Taher Thabet,
the morning after U.S. Marines killed 24 Iraqi civilians.
Thabet, a Haditha resident and a co-founder of the Hammurabi
Organization for Human Rights, told Time he could only stand and
watch as he saw Marines run into his neighbors homes and then heard
gunfire and screaming. The next morning, armed with his video camera, he went
into those homes and the morgue and recorded everything he saw. His video
became the primary source for the Times story, published last
March that has sparked two military investigations and a spate of media
coverage.
A number of details about the episode at Haditha are now well-known.
From official accounts, we know that on the morning of Nov. 19, 2005, an IED,
or improvised explosive device, buried in the road, exploded under the last
vehicle of a four Humvee Marine convoy, instantly killing Lance Corporal Miguel
Terrazzo and seriously wounding two others. Within hours of Terrazzos
death Marines raided several houses within the vicinity of the detonation,
ultimately killing 24 people, according to Marine officials. Among the dead
were pajama-clad women and children shot in the head; an elderly man in a
wheelchair shot nine times; a group of girls 1 to 14 years old; and four young
men and a driver, who, evidence suggests, were either shot while in their car
or executed just outside the vehicle. The Naval Criminal Investigative Service
is investigating to determine whether criminal wrongdoing occurred.
The coverage of Haditha in the American mainstream media has been
curious, full of carefully documented details and questions: How did this
happen? Who is responsible? U.S. troops have killed Iraqi civilians many times
but what offends us here is the intimate way in which the Marines did their
killing, shooting their victims at close range while they slept.
They actually went into houses and killed women and
children, said Representative John Murtha, D-Pa., who said he was briefed
by Marine commanders. With an interview with the Washington Post Vaughan
Taylor, a former military prosecutor and instructor in criminal law at the
Armys school for military lawyers, called the episode at Haditha My
Lai all over again.
This is war all over again and Haditha is no anomaly. It is just one
brutal episode among thousands of brutal episodes played out on either side of
the battlefield. What happened in Haditha is the inevitable consequence of our
choice for war. We may take offense at the deliberate manner in which the
Marines did their killing, but the bombs and cluster munitions used by U.S.
troops in Afghanistan and Iraq yield the same results. They crush the heads of
sleeping toddlers, shatter the bones of children, generate a heat so severe
that sometimes bodies fuse together and you cannot tell which limb belongs to
which head.
While news of Haditha broke, the Western mainstream press began
reporting other allegations of U.S. attacks on Iraqi civilians: The March
shootings of 11 family members in the town of Ishaqi. The April abduction and
execution of an Iraqi man in the town of Hamandiyah. Coalition attacks on
civilians have become a regular occurrence said Iraqi Prime
Minister Nouri al-Maliki, a charge Time called
startling.
Here in America, we have this delusion that war is a contained venture,
waged primarily by professional soldiers who are trained to thoughtfully snuff
out the bad guys while a grateful civilian population cheers them on.
Theological arguments help sustain our delusion (Wars can be just, the priests
say); so too does our language. Invasions are operations, weapons
are surgical, dead civilians collateral damage. No
matter how many times civilians are accidentally killed by bombs,
by checkpoints gone awry, by all the countless catastrophes that inevitably
occur when weapons abound, we exempt ourselves from the moral consequences of
our warmaking by saying, We didnt mean to kill the
innocent.
In an Ipsos poll taken June 5-7, 63 percent of American adults surveyed
said they thought the killing of civilians by U.S. troops only happened in
isolated incidents. Sixty-one percent believed U.S. troops were
doing all they could to prevent the targeting of civilians.
Marines absolutely know right from wrong, said one military commander
when questioned by the press about Haditha. No doubt they do. But war is a
place where everyone is caught up in a great wrong and even the hardiest
conscience struggles to keep a moral compass. As the fighting drags on,
atrocities increase and the rules of engagement keep changing. What
the Marines did in Haditha pales in comparison to how insurgents in Iraq kill
their victims. They behead them, drill holes in their heads, whip them with
cables, drag them from their beds and execute them.
In the months before that morning in November, the Marines stationed in
Haditha suffered high casualties. Fourteen were killed in one day when their
amphibious truck ran over anti-tank mines stacked three high. Four died during
a firefight inside a hospital where insurgents hid behind the patients.
Saying whos a civilian or a muj in Iraq, you really
cant, one Marine told The New York Times. Thats
how wishy-washy it was. This town didnt want us there at all.
As their defense for the raid in Haditha, the Marines said they acted in
accordance with their rules of engagement which permitted using lethal force
against those who, they believed, were responsible for a roadside bomb that
killed their buddy. (Didnt our policy makers use the same rationale for
the bombing of Aghanistan?) Those rules allow sticking a weapon
into a room and spraying it with gunfire, before checking for sleeping
babies.
I am not suggesting we excuse the Marines for the immorality of their
actions but that we consider context. The crime in Haditha was collectively
committed and we must own our part in it. We tolerated the speeches that
proclaimed this war necessary for democracy. We packed our young people up with
weapons that kill indiscriminately, asked them to implement an invasion that
was illegal, based on lies, and according to many Catholic leaders, immoral. Is
it fair to scapegoat a few soldiers for killing against the rules?
As photographs go, Thabets video stills are of poor quality,
grainy and blurred. They show iconic war images: A large swatch of blood on a
linoleum floor. A small, curly-haired child, being zipped into a body bag. Men
standing in a morgue, one of them weeping. They are not the pictures we would
choose to view but the ones to bear in mind whenever the politicians tell us,
as Senator Johnny Isakson, R-Ga., did yesterday, that what we are achieving in
Iraq is a greater victory for mankind.
Schaeffer-Duffy, a longtime contributor to NCR, is a part-time
writer and full-time member of the Sts. Francis and Therese Catholic Worker in
Worcester, Mass.
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